Space Shuttle Atlantis





Space shuttle Atlantis, which flew the final mission of NASA's 30-year shuttle program in July 2011, is now being prepared to be publically displayed at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida.


The commander's (left) and pilot's (right) controls aboard Atlantis' flight deck.




Atlantis' aft flight deck's displays and controls were used for rendezvous, docking, payload deployment and retrieval, payload monitoring, robotic arm operations, payload bay door operations and closed-circuit television operations.


Switches on the space shuttle Atlantis' middeck.


Atlantis' middeck, where technicians have already removed the crew equipment lockers, seats, galley, and toilet. The ladders to either side lead to the flight deck. On the far wall, normally hidden by the middeck lockers, are the orbiter's avionics control boxes.


Atlantis' middeck. Here, the crew access hatchway is seen to right, and the airlock hatchway is center. The toilet compartment, now empty, is behind the ladder to the right.


Atlantis' closed hatchway inside the airlock that led to the docking adapter used to enter the International Space Station.









The view through the open airlock hatchway out into Atlantis' 60-foot-long payload bay. Seen mounted to the left sill of the cargo hold, the orbiter boom extension system, which was used in tandem with the robotic arm to inspect Atlantis' heat shield. The Canadarm robotic arm was removed from the left sill the day before these photos were taken to be shipped to Johnson Space Center in Houston for possible future use in space.

A view from above of Atlantis' 60-foot-long payload bay.


Atlantis' aft section as viewed from the side. The reflective insulation would normally be covered by one of the shuttle's two orbital maneuvering system (OMS) engine pods. The pods are being serviced and cleaned to make them safe for Atlantis' public display.


The circular openings for Atlantis' three main engines. The engines will not be reinstalled as they are being retained by NASA for future re-use with the heavy-lift Space Launch System. Instead, replica engines comprised mostly of spent nozzles will be installed in the complete engines' place.


The work platforms that surround Atlantis inside NASA's Orbiter Processing Facility-2 make it difficult at times to recognize the spacecraft enveloped within. The top of Atlantis' wings can be seen just below one of the levels.




Views of the space shuttle Atlantis' wheels and tile-covered underbelly.
















Hubble 'Deep Field' image taken by Hubble Telescope, deployed by Atlantis. January 15, 1996: One peek into a small part of the sky, one giant leap back in time. The Hubble telescope has provided mankind's deepest, most detailed visible view of the universe.
Representing a narrow "keyhole" view stretching to the visible horizon of the universe, the Hubble Deep Field image covers a speck of the sky only about the width of a dime 75 feet away. Though the field is a very small sample of the heavens, it is considered representative of the typical distribution of galaxies in space, because the universe, statistically, looks largely the same in all directions. Gazing into this small field, Hubble uncovered a bewildering assortment of at least 1,500 galaxies at various stages of evolution within this field; a speck of the sky only about the width of a dime 75 feet away. Note: each of the galaxies seen in the Deep Field image range from dwarfs with as few as ten million stars to giants with a hundred trillion stars, each orbiting their galaxy's own center of mass.

Turritopsis nutricula


Have you ever wondered what would happen if our life cycles were reversed, that is if we were born old and died young? Well, there’s one animal that comes close and has achieved immortality in the process, just to top it off. Meet the Turritopsis nutricula, a small saltwater animal or hydrozoan related to jellyfish and corals.
Like most jellyfish, Turritopsis nutricula undergoes two distinct stages in its life cycle: The polypoid or immature stage, when it’s just a small stalk with feeding tentacles; and the medusa or mature stage when the only 1mm-long polyps asexually produce jellyfish.

Turritopsis nutricula in its aptly named medusa form with a bright red stomach.

A jellyfish’s lifespan usually ranges from somewhere between a few hours for the smallest species to several months and rarely to a few years for the bigger species. How does the only 4-5 mm long Turritopsis nutricula (let’s call it T’nut) manage to beat the system?
Well, T’nut is able to transform between medusa and polyp stage, thereby reverting back from mature to immature stage and escaping death. The cell process is called transdifferentiation, when non-stem cells either transform into a different type of cell or when an already differentiated or specialised stem cell creates cells outside this specialized path.
The polyp state of Turritopsis rubra, long synonymised with T’nut.

T’nut requires tissue from both the jellyfish bell surface and the circulatory canal system for its transdifferentiation. This switching of cell roles is not unusual and can be seen in many animals and humans, but usually only when parts of an organ regenerate. In T’nut’s case, reverting back to an immature state is part of its regular life cycle.
In its medusa form, Turritopsis nutricula is bell-shaped and about 4-5 mm in diameter. Young specimens will be only 1 mm in diameter and have eight tentacles to start out with but can have between 80 and 90 as adults.


Specimen with a yellow body

Turritopsis nutricula most likely originated in the Caribbean but can now be found in the temperate to tropical regions in all of the world's oceans, spreading further through the ballast water that ships discard in ports. According to Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta from the Smithsonian Tropical Marine Institute: "We are looking at a worldwide silent invasion."



A drawing of various Tuatara species; T’nut is No. 18

Silent invasion? Possibly, but while Turritopsis nutriculae may be biologically immortal, they are surely not invincible. Especially in their immature stage, they are susceptible to predators and diseases and many die before they even reach jellyfish stage. Still, they are to date the only known animal capable of reverting to an earlier, immature stage, repeating its life.

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Schwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia; an international competition judging perfection of body mass, definition of individual muscles and muscle groups as well as overall proportions. His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.


 
He continued his winning streak in the 1971–74 competitions. In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time, beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.




Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete, in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia.




Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: "Why not compete?" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition.